2. Major adjustments are needed in agricultural, environmental and macroeconomic policy, at both national and international levels, in developed as well as developing countries, to create the conditions for sustainable agriculture and rural development (SARD). The major objective of SARD is to increase food production in a sustainable way and enhance food security. This will involve education initiatives, utilization of economic incentives and the development of appropriate and new technologies, thus ensuring stable supplies of nutritionally adequate food, access to those supplies by vulnerable groups, and production for markets; employment and income generation to alleviate poverty; and natural resource management and environmental protection. [Chapter 14, Para 2]

3. The priority must be on maintaining and improving the capacity of the higher potential agricultural lands to support an expanding population. However, conserving and rehabilitating the natural resources on lower potential lands in order to maintain sustainable man/land ratios is also necessary. The main tools of SARD are policy and agrarian reform, participation, income diversification, land conservation and improved management of inputs. The success of SARD will depend largely on the support and participation of rural people, national Governments, the private sector and international cooperation, including technical and scientific cooperation. [Chapter 14, Para 3]

4. (b) Ensuring people's participation and promoting human resource development for sustainable agriculture; [Chapter 14, Para 4 (b)]

9. (a) Carry out national policy reviews related to food security, including adequate levels and stability of food supply and access to food by all households; [Chapter 14, Para 9 (a)]

9. (f) Support national and regional early warning systems through food-security assistance schemes that monitor food supply and demand and factors affecting household access to food; [Chapter 14, Para 9 (f)]

14. (b) Establish legal measures to promote access of women to land and remove biases in their involvement in rural development. [Chapter 14, Para 14 (b)]

B. Ensuring people's participation and promoting human resource development for sustainable agriculture [Chapter 14, Section B.]

16. This component bridges policy and integrated resource management. The greater the degree of community control over the resources on which it relies, the greater will be the incentive for economic and human resources development. At the same time, policy instruments to reconcile long-run and short-run requirements must be set by national Governments. The approaches focus on fostering self-reliance and cooperation, providing information and supporting user-based organizations. Emphasis should be on management practices, building agreements for changes in resource utilization, the rights and duties associated with use of land, water and forests, the functioning of markets, prices, and the access to information, capital and inputs. This would require training and capacity-building to assume greater responsibilities in sustainable development efforts. 2/ [Chapter 14, Para 16]

17. (a) To promote greater public awareness of the role of people's participation and people's organizations, especially women's groups, youth, indigenous people, local communities and small farmers, in sustainable agriculture and rural development; [Chapter 14, Para 17 (a)]

17. (b) To ensure equitable access of rural people, particularly women, small farmers, landless and indigenous people, to land, water and forest resources and to technologies, financing, marketing, processing and distribution; [Chapter 14, Para 17 (b)]

18. (b) Review and refocus existing measures to achieve wider access to land, water and forest resources and ensure equal rights of women and other disadvantaged groups, with particular emphasis on rural populations, indigenous people and local communities; [Chapter 14, Para 18 (b)]

18. (e) Develop policies in extension, training, pricing, input distribution, credit and taxation to ensure necessary incentives and equitable access by the poor to production-support services; [Chapter 14, Para 18 (e)]

20. (a) Reinforce their work with non-governmental organizations in collecting and disseminating information on people's participation and people's organizations, testing participatory development methods, training and education for human resource development and strengthening the management structures of rural organizations; [Chapter 14, Para 20 (a)]

22. (a) Encourage people's participation on farm technology development and transfer, incorporating indigenous ecological knowledge and practices; [Chapter 14, Para 22 (a)]

23. Governments at the appropriate level, with the support of the relevant international and regional organizations, should provide management and technical training to government administrators and members of resource-user groups in the principles, practice and benefits of people's participation in rural development. [Chapter 14, Para 23]

27. (d) Provide the essential rural infrastructure for access to agricultural inputs and services, as well as to national and local markets, and reduce food losses; [Chapter 14, Para 27 (d)]

41. (b) Select combinations of land uses and production systems appropriate to land units through multiple goal optimization procedures, and strengthen delivery systems and local community participation; [Chapter 14, Para 41 (b)]

46. (b) Provide incentives and, where appropriate and possible, resources for the participation of local communities in the planning, implementation and maintenance of their own conservation and reclamation programmes; [Chapter 14, Para 46 (b)]